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Silver

Last update: Tuesday 02nd of December 2008

This article is about the chemical element. For other uses, see Silver (disambiguation).

palladium ← silver → cadmium

Cu
↑
Ag
↓
Au

Periodic Table - Extended Periodic Table

General

Name, Symbol, Number

silver, Ag, 47

Element category

transition metals

Group, Period, Block

11, 5, d

Appearance

lustrous white metal

Standard atomic weight

107.8682(2) g·mol⁻¹

Electron configuration

4d¹⁰ 5s¹

Electrons per shell

2, 8, 18, 18, 1

Physical properties

Color

silver

Phase

solid

Density (near r.t.)

10.49 g·cm⁻³

Liquid density at m.p.

9.320 g·cm⁻³

Melting point

1234.93 K
(961.78 °C, 1763.2 °F)

Boiling point

2435 K
(2162 °C, 3924 °F)

Heat of fusion

11.28 kJ·mol⁻¹

Heat of vaporization

250.58 kJ·mol⁻¹

Specific heat capacity

(25 °C) 25.350 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹

Vapor pressure
P(Pa)	1	10	100	1 k	10 k	100 k
at T(K)	1283	1413	1575	1782	2055	2433

Atomic properties

Crystal structure

face-centered cubic

Oxidation states

1, 2, 3
(amphoteric oxide)

Electronegativity

1.93 (Pauling scale)

Ionization energies

1st: 731.0 kJ/mol

2nd: 2070 kJ/mol

3rd: 3361 kJ/mol

Atomic radius

160 pm

Atomic radius (calc.)

165 pm

Covalent radius

153 pm

Van der Waals radius

172 pm

Miscellaneous

Magnetic ordering

diamagnetic

Electrical resistivity

(20 °C) 15.87 n Ω·m

Thermal conductivity

(300 K) 429 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹

Thermal diffusivity

(300 K) 174 mm²/s

Thermal expansion

(25 °C) 18.9 µm·m⁻¹·K⁻¹

Speed of sound (thin rod)

(r.t.) 2680 m·s⁻¹

Young's modulus

83 GPa

Shear modulus

30 GPa

Bulk modulus

100 GPa

Poisson ratio

0.37

Mohs hardness

2.5

Vickers hardness

251 MPa

Brinell hardness

24.5 MPa

CAS registry number

7440-22-4

Most-stable isotopes

Main article: Isotopes of silver
iso	NA	half-life	DM	DE (MeV)	DP
¹⁰⁵Ag	syn	41.2 d	ε	-	¹⁰⁵Pd
¹⁰⁵Ag	syn	41.2 d	γ	0.344, 0.280, 0.644, 0.443	-
^106mAg	syn	8.28 d	ε	-	¹⁰⁶Pd
^106mAg	syn	8.28 d	γ	0.511, 0.717, 1.045, 0.450	-
¹⁰⁷Ag	51.839%	¹⁰⁷Ag is stable with 60 neutrons
^108mAg	syn	418 y	ε	-	¹⁰⁸Pd
			IT	0.109	¹⁰⁸Ag
			γ	0.433, 0.614, 0.722	-
¹⁰⁹Ag	48.161%	¹⁰⁹Ag is stable with 62 neutrons
¹¹¹Ag	syn	7.45 d	β^-	1.036, 0.694	¹¹¹Cd
¹¹¹Ag	syn	7.45 d	γ	0.342	-

References

Silver (pronounced /ˈsɪlvɚ/) is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag (Latin: argentum, from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos, gen. of ἀργήεις - argēeis, "white, shining" ) and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal. The metal naturally occurs in its pure, free form (native silver) and as an alloy with gold (electrum), as well as in various minerals, such as argentite and chlorargyrite. Most silver is produced as a by-product of copper, gold, lead, and zinc refining.

Silver has been known since ancient times and has long been valued as a precious metal, used to make ornaments, jewellery, high-value tableware and utensils (hence the term silverware) and currency coins. Today, silver metal is used in electrical contacts and conductors, in mirrors and in catalysis of chemical reactions. Its compounds are used in photographic film and dilute solutions of silver nitrate and other silver compounds are used as disinfectants. Although the antimicrobial uses of silver have largely been supplanted by the use of antibiotics, further research into its clinical potential is in progress.

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Silver (pronounced /ˈsɪlvɚ/) is a chemical element with the symbol "Ag" (Latin: argentum, from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos, gen. of ἀργήεις ...

Silver - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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