cobalt
Last update: Wednesday 07th of January 2009
For other uses, see Cobalt (disambiguation). | 27 | iron ← cobalt → nickel | -
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Co
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Rh | Periodic table - Extended periodic table |
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| | General |
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| Name, symbol, number | cobalt, Co, 27 | | Element category | transition metal | | Group, period, block | 9, 4, d | | Appearance | hard lustrous gray metal
 | | Standard atomic weight | 58.933195(5) g·mol−1 | | Electron configuration | 4s2 3d7 | | Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 15, 2 | | Color | metallic gray | | Density (near r.t.) | 8.90 g·cm−3 | | Liquid density at m.p. | 7.75 g·cm−3 | | Melting point | 1768 K
(1495 °C, 2723 °F) | | Boiling point | 3200 K
(2927 °C, 5301 °F) | | Heat of fusion | 16.06 kJ·mol−1 | | Heat of vaporization | 377 kJ·mol−1 | | Specific heat capacity | (25 °C) 24.81 J·mol−1·K−1 | Vapor pressure| P/Pa | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k | | at T/K | 1790 | 1960 | 2165 | 2423 | 2755 | 3198 | | | Atomic properties |
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| Crystal structure | hexagonal | | Oxidation states | 4 , 3, 2, 1
(amphoteric oxide) | | Electronegativity | 1.88 (Pauling scale) | Ionization energies
(more) | 1st: 760.4 kJ·mol−1 | | 2nd: 1648 kJ·mol−1 | | 3rd: 3232 kJ·mol−1 | | Atomic radius | 135 pm | | Atomic radius (calc.) | 152 pm | | Covalent radius | 126 pm | | Miscellaneous |
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| Magnetic ordering | ferromagnetic | | Electrical resistivity | (20 °C) 62.4 nΩ·m | | Thermal conductivity | (300 K) 100 W·m−1·K−1 | | Thermal expansion | (25 °C) 13.0 µm·m−1·K−1 | | Speed of sound (thin rod) | (20 °C) 4720 m/s | | Young's modulus | 209 GPa | | Shear modulus | 75 GPa | | Bulk modulus | 180 GPa | | Poisson ratio | 0.31 | | Mohs hardness | 5.0 | | Vickers hardness | 1043 MPa | | Brinell hardness | 700 MPa | | CAS registry number | 7440-48-4 | | Selected isotopes |
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Main article: Isotopes of cobalt| iso | NA | half-life | DM | DE (MeV) | DP |
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| 56Co | syn | 77.27 d | ε | 4.566 | 56Fe | | 57Co | syn | 271.79 d | ε | 0.836 | 57Fe | | 58Co | syn | 70.86 d | ε | 2.307 | 58Fe | | 59Co | 100% | 59Co is stable with 32 neutrons | | 60Co | syn | 5.2714 years | β-,γ,γ | 2.824 | 60Ni | | | References |
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Cobalt (pronounced /ˈkoʊbɒlt/) is a hard, lustrous, grey metal, a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. Although cobalt-based colors and pigments have been used since ancient times, and miners have long used the name kobold ore for some minerals, cobalt was only discovered in 1735 by Georg Brandt. It is found in various metallic-lustred ores for example cobaltite (CoAsS), but it is produced as a by-product of copper and nickel mining. The copper belt in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia yields most of the worldwide mined cobalt. Cobalt is used in the preparation of magnetic, wear-resistant, and high-strength alloys. Cobalt blue (cobalt(II) aluminate, CoAl2O4) gives a distinctive deep blue color to glass, ceramics, inks, paints, and varnishes.
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